Framing the detection of elder financial abuse as bystander intervention: Decision cues, pathways to detection and barriers to action

This article is (c) Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here (http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8569). Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the detection and prevention of elder financial abuse through the lens of a “professional bystander intervention model”. The authors were interested in the decision cues that raise suspicions of financial abuse, how such abuse comes to the attention of professionals who do not have a statutory responsibility for safeguarding older adults, and the barriers to intervention. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews were conducted using the critical incident technique. Thematic analysis was carried out on transcribed interviews. In total, 20 banking and 20 health professionals were recruited. Participants were asked to discuss real cases which they had dealt with personally. Findings – The cases described indicated that a variety of cues were used in coming to a decision that financial abuse was very likely taking place. Common to these cases was a discrepancy between what is normal and expected and what is abnormal or unexpected. There was a marked difference in the type of abuse noticed by banking and health professionals, drawing attention to the ways in which context influences the likelihood that financial abuse will be detected. The study revealed that even if professionals suspect abuse, there are barriers which prevent them acting. Originality/value – The originality of this study lies in its use of the bystander intervention model to study the decision-making processes of professionals who are not explicitly charged with adult safeguarding. The study was also unique because real cases were under consideration. Hence, what the professionals actually do, rather than what they might do, was under investigation.Economic and Social Research Counci

Chapitre 16 - Lutte intégrée contre la rage

Introduction La rage est une zoonose type qui touche l’ensemble des mammifères. Elle est généralement transmise de manière envahissante par le biais de la salive qui pénètre une morsure ; elle conduit à une encéphalite avec de graves symptômes distincts qui entraîne le décès. Depuis les toutes premières descriptions de cette maladie ancienne, les animaux, et en particulier les chiens, ont été reconnus comme la source et la cause..

Trabalho e Escolarização: o universo das crianças negras em Cuiabá (1871-1890)

Resumo: trabalho e estudo eram, na visão dos governantes, os motores do progresso. Por isso, havia uma grande preocupação com as crianças negras, pobres e livres que viviam a andar sem rumo pelas ruas de Cuiabá. Acostumadas desde cedo ao trabalho, resta-nos saber se elas tinham acesso aos bancos escolares. Assim, o presente artigo pretende desvendar se as crianças negras livres que viviam em Cuiabá tinham acesso à escolarização no periodo de 1871 a 1890. A delimitação temporal foi determinada pelos documentos e fatos históricos aqui analisados, iniciando com a Lei do Ventre Livre em 1871, cuja promulgação fez com que, pela primeira vez, se pensasse na escolarização das crianças que a partir desta data nasciam livres; encerrando-se em 1890, com o recenseamento populacional de Cuiabá

BURDEN OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF CANCER PATIENTS IN PALLIATIVE CARE

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in Palliative Care and the variables gender, age, health problems, and length of care.Method: Descriptive correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 147 family caregivers at the Oncological Palliative Care Clinic in 2021 in Belém do Pará - Brazil. The Zarit Overload Scale was used to collect data, with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.Results: 86 (58.5%) of the caregivers were female, 66 (44.9%) caregivers felt "Very overloaded", and 104 (70.7%) had Moderate to Severe overload. There was no consistency in concluding that the variables gender, age group, health problems, or length of care had a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05).Conclusion: It is hoped that the results will contribute to increasing knowledge of the subject, supporting care practice, and formulating public policies to meet the needs of caregivers of family members who are ill with cancer

Renewed global partnerships and redesigned roadmaps for rabies prevention and control

Canine rabies, responsible for most human rabies deaths, is a serious global public health concern. This zoonosis is entirely preventable, but by focusing solely upon rabies prevention in humans, this "incurable wound" persists at high costs. Although preventing human deaths through canine rabies elimination is feasible, dog rabies control is often neglected, because dogs are not considered typical economic commodities by the animal health sector. Here, we demonstrate that the responsibility of managing rabies falls upon multiple sectors, that a truly integrated approach is the key to rabies elimination, and that considerable progress has been made to this effect. Achievements include the construction of global rabies networks and organizational partnerships; development of road maps, operational toolkits, and a blueprint for rabies prevention and control; and opportunities for scaling up and replication of successful programs. Progress must continue towards overcoming the remaining challenges preventing the ultimate goal of rabies elimination

Child dietary patterns in Homo sapiens evolution: A systematic review

Dietary patterns spanning millennia could inform contemporary public health nutrition. Children are largely absent from evidence describing diets throughout human evolution, despite prevalent malnutrition today signaling a potential genome-environment divergence. This systematic review aimed to identify dietary patterns of children ages 6 months to 10 years consumed before the widespread adoption of agriculture. Metrics of mention frequency (counts of food types reported) and food groups (globally standardized categories) were applied to: compare diets across subsistence modes [gatherer-hunter-fisher (GHF), early agriculture (EA) groups]; examine diet quality and diversity; and characterize differences by life course phase and environmental context defined using Köppen-Geiger climate zones. The review yielded child diet information from 95 cultural groups (52 from GHF; 43 from EA/mixed subsistence groups). Animal foods (terrestrial and aquatic) were the most frequently mentioned food groups in dietary patterns across subsistence modes, though at higher frequencies in GHF than in EA. A broad range of fruits, vegetables, roots and tubers were more common in GHF, while children from EA groups consumed more cereals than GHF, associated with poor health consequences as reported in some studies. Forty-eight studies compared diets across life course phases: 28 showed differences and 20 demonstrated similarities in child versus adult diets. Climate zone was a driver of food patterns provisioned from local ecosystems. Evidence fro

Factors used in the detection of elder financial abuse: A judgement and decision-making study of social workers and their managers

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2011 Sage Publications Ltd.Factors social workers use in practice to detect elder financial abuse are currently unknown. A critical incident technique was applied within a judgement analysis approach to elicit cue use. Only three factors were key to decision-making: who raises concern, the elder’s mental capacity and the nature of the financial anomaly occurring.Economic and Social Research Counci

Globalização na pós-modernidade: críticas e contributos para a enfermagem

O alvo desta reflexão crítica foi a abordagem de globalização, consumo e identidade como descritos por Zygmunt Bauman, estabelecendo nexos com trabalho, educação e formação em enfermagem. Os resultados e discussão foram segmentados em três eixos. O primeiro contempla como a globalização está associada à flexibilização do trabalho, mercantilização da cidadania, direitos e saúde. O segundo eixo reflete dentro do itinerário pós-moderno a educação e formação de enfermeiros com destaque para os conceitos de educação permanente/política e o papel do professor. O terceiro eixo consuma momentaneamente as assertivas, ao abordar os obstáculos que o ensino globalizado ergue como a “formação à distância”. Debalde seria dissociar fenômenos globais pós-modernos da conjuntura enfrentada pela profissão. Corrobora-se para o estabelecimento de um pensamento teórico-sócio-identitário desde a formação de enfermagem.The target of this critical reflection was the approach of globalization, consumption and identity described by Zygmunt Bauman, establishing links with work, education and formation in nursing. The results and discussion were segmented into three axes. The first contemplates how globalization is associated with labor flexibilization, merchandization of citizenship, rights and health. The second axis reflects within the postmodern itinerary the education and formation of nurses, with emphasis for the concepts of permanent education / politics and the role of the teacher. The third axis consumes momentarily assertions, to approach the obstacles that globalized teaching lifts as "distance learning." In vain, would be to dissociate global postmodern phenomena from the conjuncture faced by the profession. It is corroborated for the establishment of a theoretical-socio-identity thinking since the nursing formation.El objetivo de esta reflexión crítica fue el enfoque de globalización, consumo e identidad, como descripto por Zygmunt Bauman, estableciendo nexos con el trabajo, educación y formación en enfermería. Los resultados y la discusión se segmentaron en tres ejes. El primero contempla cómo la globalización está asociada a la flexibilización del trabajo, la mercantilización de la ciudadanía, los derechos y la salud. El segundo eje refleja dentro del itinerario posmoderno la educación y formación de enfermeros con destaque para los conceptos de educación permanente/política y el papel del profesor. El tercer eje consuma momentáneamente las asertivas, al abordar los obstáculos que la enseñanza globalizada alza como la "formación a distancia". En vano, sería disociar fenómenos globales posmodernos de la coyuntura enfrentada por la profesión. Se corrobora para el establecimiento de un pensamiento teórico-socio-identitario desde la formación de enfermería

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E CIRÚRGICO DE PACIENTES NEURO-ONCOLÓGICOS SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIAS NEUROLÓGICAS

Objective: to investigate the sociodemographic and surgical profile of neuro-oncology patients subjected to neurological surgeries.Method: a descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach, conducted during a five-year period (2014-2018) in a hospital with 236 beds, which is a reference in cancer treatment in the state of Pará. The data were collected from September to December 2019 and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics.Results: the profile was characterized by the age group of 41 to 50 years old (30.8%; n=20) and by individuals with complete elementary school (44.6%; n=29). They were subjected to elective surgeries (87.7%; n=57), considered clean (95.4%; n=62), and large (96.9%; n=63). The main complications were surgical site infection (10.7%; n=8) and tumors located in the encephalus (60%; n=39).Conclusion: the paper contributed to delineate the profile of the population served by the hospital, enabling the expansion of debates aimed at improving hospital planning and at refining the quality of the health services and of the Nursing assistance.Objetivo: investigar o perfil sociodemográfico e cirúrgico de pacientes neuro-oncológicos submetidos a neurocirurgias.Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital com 236 leitos de referência em câncer no estado do Pará, no período de cinco anos (2014-2018). Os dados foram coletados em setembro a dezembro de 2019 e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva.Resultados: o perfil foi a faixa etária 41 a 50 anos (30,8%; n=20), ensino fundamental completo (44,6%; n=29). Foram submetidos a cirurgia eletiva (87,7%; n=57), consideradas limpas (95,4%; n=62) e de grande porte (96,9%; n=63); A principal complicação apresentada foi infecção de sitio operatório (10,7%; n=8) e tumores localizados no encéfalo (60%; n=39).Conclusão: o trabalho contribuiu para delinear o perfil do público atendido pelo hospital, viabilizando a ampliação de debates que visem aprimorar o planejamento hospitalar, aperfeiçoar a qualidade dos serviços de saúde e da assistência de enfermagem.Objetivo: investigar el perfil sociodemográfico y quirúrgico de pacientes neuro-oncológicos sometidos a neurocirugías. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital con 236 camas de referencia en cáncer en el estado de Pará durante un período de cinco años (2014-2018). Los datos se recolectaron entre septiembre y diciembre de 2019 y fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el perfil incluyó personas pertenecientes al grupo etario de 41 a 50 años (30,8%; n=20) y con enseñanza primaria completa (44,6%; n=29). Fueron sometidos a cirugías electivas (87,7%; n=57), consideradas limpias (95,4%; n=62) y de gran magnitud (96,9%; n=63). Las principales complicaciones que se hicieron presente fueron infección de la herida quirúrgica (10,7%; n=8) y tumores localizados en el encéfalo (60%; n=39). Conclusión: el trabajo contribuyó para delinear el perfil del público atendido por el hospital, viabilizando la ampliación de debates que tenga como objetivo mejorar la planificación hospitalaria y perfeccionar la calidad de los servicios de salud y de la asistencia de Enfermería

Surveillance guidelines for disease elimination: a case study of canine rabies

Surveillance is a critical component of disease control programmes but is often poorly resourced, particularly in developing countries lacking good infrastructure and especially for zoonoses which require combined veterinary and medical capacity and collaboration. Here we examine how successful control, and ultimately disease elimination, depends on effective surveillance. We estimated that detection probabilities of <0.1 are broadly typical of rabies surveillance in endemic countries and areas without a history of rabies. Using outbreak simulation techniques we investigated how the probability of detection affects outbreak spread, and outcomes of response strategies such as time to control an outbreak, probability of elimination, and the certainty of declaring freedom from disease. Assuming realistically poor surveillance (probability of detection <0.1), we show that proactive mass dog vaccination is much more effective at controlling rabies and no more costly than campaigns that vaccinate in response to case detection. Control through proactive vaccination followed by 2 years of continuous monitoring and vaccination should be sufficient to guarantee elimination from an isolated area not subject to repeat introductions. We recommend that rabies control programmes ought to be able to maintain surveillance levels that detect at least 5% (and ideally 10%) of all cases to improve their prospects of eliminating rabies, and this can be achieved through greater intersectoral collaboration. Our approach illustrates how surveillance is critical for the control and elimination of diseases such as canine rabies and can provide minimum surveillance requirements and technical guidance for elimination programmes under a broad-range of circumstances